Uncategorized Archive - Agro Consult Buinov

Pay special attention during the summer months! – Tomato mining moth (Tuta Absoluta)

Agro Consult — Mon, 04 Jul 2022 08:08:53 +0000

It is a relatively new enemy in our country, but it has already spread almost throughout the country. It originates from South America. It was discovered in Europe in 2006, and here in 2009 in greenhouses in the Plovdiv region. It is mainly harmful to tomatoes and to a lesser extent to potatoes and eggplant, but it attacks even transgenic (Bac.thuringiensis) potatoes. It has been observed on physalis, pepper and garden bean, but cannot complete its development on them. Under greenhouse conditions, the enemy develops continuously, being able to complete the development of 8-10-12 generations. At a temperature of 140C, one generation develops in 76 days, at 200C – in 40 days, at 250C – in 28 days, and at 270C – in 23 days.

Caterpillars feed on all aerial parts. Unlike the larvae of other mining moths and mining flies, they crawl along plant parts before entering them. They bite into the young tips and apical buds by gnawing their core, causing the plants to deform and the buds to drop off. A small pile of dark granular excrement is observed at the bite site.

When mining the leaves, biting under the epidermis occurs both from the lower and upper sides. Mines are only noticeable after two days. As the caterpillars grow, the mines become visible, widen, often branched and located along or next to the veins. The droppings are dark and usually clustered in some lateral part of the mine.The enemy attacks tomatoes throughout the growing season. It is highly adaptable to the environmental conditions and to the preparations used, therefore it is not possible to control it by a single measure and a strategy must be implemented in which preventive and eradication measures are combined.

Its presence is detected by pheromone traps (2-3 per 10 acres) or by locating caterpillars in leaf mines (not fly larvae). In greenhouses, its entry is prevented if possible by placing nets over the window openings and double doors.

Of the agrotechnical measures to reduce its density and the degree of attack, the destruction of the host weed plants (from the family Solanaceae), the collection and burning of the plant residues in the greenhouses or plowing them after harvesting for tomatoes produced in Poland are important.These events break the cycle of stages that have not completed their development. Care for the rapid development of vegetable plants – irrigation, processing, fertilizing, crop rotation with non-invasive crops, etc. have an effect usually at the beginning of the growing season. Hard work is being done on the creation of resistant varieties and hybrids, but for now there are none officially registered.

The use of sex pheromones for disorientation or mass capture of males is applied alone at low enemy densities, and at high densities greatly reduces moth numbers and damage. In a mass catch, there should be at least one or two catches per acre, but the number can vary depending on density. Using 4-5 traps per acre results may be comparable to insecticide applications.

When falling into the water traps, some of the moths manage to fly back, and in order to increase their efficiency, a little soap (laundry or detergent) or vegetable fat (oil) is added to the water, which sticks to the wings of the butterflies and prevents them from go outside.

For mass catching, light traps are also used, which attract both males and females. They are placed about 1 meter off the ground, with one trap covering an area of 500 to 1000 m2.

Материалът Pay special attention during the summer months! – Tomato mining moth (Tuta Absoluta) е публикуван за пръв път на Agro Consult Buinov.

How to recognize ToBRFV infection

Agro Consult — Thu, 31 Mar 2022 08:51:26 +0000

Brown Tomato Virus (ToBRFV)

ToBRFV is an emerging virus of the genus Tobamovirus. Continue in the long run, ToBRFV will be available in the months planned for 2018 and 2019 (Mexico, East Asia, the Middle East, but also in some EU Member States). The main host plant is the home (peppers and other Solanaceae can also be active). Symptoms appear on fruits and plants (sensitive varieties die). Infections occur through seeds and mechanically (eg injury). As a result, the host plant produces large amounts of viruses. They are very durable and can survive on plant debris and in the soil, on clothes, surfaces, in irrigation systems, etc. even after the plants have died.

What are the ways of introduction and how are they distributed?

Transmission takes place through seeds and seedlings, but also mechanically during cultivation work (through skin, clothing, tools, pots and packaging material, etc.). Transmission through solutions and insects (pollination bees) is also possible. It is risky for the first time in Europe.

What is being done to prevent the introduction and spread?

Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1191 (Consolidated version) Member States Take urgent measures to prevent the further introduction of toBrFv in the EU. In addition to the control of seed imported from third countries, decisions and measures on the internal market. Among other things, the seeds of the house and the pepper or mother plants from which the seeds come must be sampled, tested, and found to be free of ToBRFV. Observance of the instructions is confirmed by the issuance of the plant passport. To identify it at any date, ToBRFV studies are being performed.

How to recognize ToBRFV infection?

Get infected with the virus the moment the characters in the list pop up, click and click the button. The list is displayed on the phone, which is very short (picture 1). To do this, see what you can do with cabinets and walls of the rooms (Fig. 3). Ponykoga ima and uvyachvane s posledvahno pozhyltyavane na cyaloto rastenie.

Материалът How to recognize ToBRFV infection е публикуван за пръв път на Agro Consult Buinov.

5 things not to do when growing seedlings

Agro Consult — Tue, 29 Mar 2022 06:47:14 +0000

1. DO NOT buy seeds from random people. If you have already done so, treat them with a strong solution of potassium permanganate. Soak them for 20 minutes in the solution and then rinse them under running water. If the seeds darken from potassium permanganate, do not worry.

2. It is NOT permissible to keep decontaminated seeds in water for a long time. They soak for no more than 12-20 hours. Otherwise they will swell, they will start to germinate, they may suffocate in the water. It is best to use “melted water” for soaking. How is it obtained? Freeze ordinary tap water in the chamber to half its volume. Pour out the liquid and allow the ice to melt. You will receive “living” water, without harmful impurities.

3. Some people rush to sow tomato seedlings as early as possible. This should NOT be done. It is better for the seedlings to be young and short than old, thin and almost a meter high. The optimal age of tomato seedlings is 40-50 days. Also, if you do not have the opportunity to provide additional lighting for seedlings, you should not plant it before February.

4. DO NOT use garden soil for seedlings. The soil mixture prepared in the fall should be light and brittle. It consists of equal parts of forest or compost soil, humus and sand. About 500 g of wood ash is added to a bucket of soil.

5. It is important NOT to allow the air temperature to drop before germination. The most favorable temperature for crops covered with polyethylene or glass is 23-25 degrees. This ensures fast seedling germination and helps to avoid damage from cutting seedlings.

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Материалът 5 things not to do when growing seedlings е публикуван за пръв път на Agro Consult Buinov.